内容
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1.通过with_items实现简单的循环
---
- hosts: test
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: test loop
debug: msg="{{item}}"
with_items:
- "{{groups.test}}"
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops.yaml
PLAY [test] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [test loop] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.21] => (item=192.168.10.21) => {
"msg": "192.168.10.21"
}
ok: [192.168.10.21] => (item=192.168.10.20) => {
"msg": "192.168.10.20"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=192.168.10.21) => {
"msg": "192.168.10.21"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=192.168.10.20) => {
"msg": "192.168.10.20"
}
如上例，可以看出test里的每条信息都单独输出了一次。实现了循环的功能。
2.with_together多列表合并
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- debug: msg="{{item}}"
with_together:
- [a,b,c]
- [1,2,3]
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_together.yaml
PLAY [192.168.10.20] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'a', 1]) => {
"msg": [
"a",
1
]
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'b', 2]) => {
"msg": [
"b",
2
]
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'c', 3]) => {
"msg": [
"c",
3
]
}
3 with_cartesian 可实现多层循环
业务场景如
需要建test1 test2 test3 test4 目录 然后下面都再建a b c 三个目录
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: create dir
file:
state: directory
path: "/test/{{item.0}}/{{item.1}}"
with_cartesian:
- [test1,test2,test3,test4]
- [a,b,c]
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_cartesian.yaml
PLAY [192.168.10.20] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [create dir] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test1', u'a'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test1', u'b'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test1', u'c'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test2', u'a'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test2', u'b'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test2', u'c'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test3', u'a'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test3', u'b'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test3', u'c'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test4', u'a'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test4', u'b'])
changed: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'test4', u'c'])
查看结果
[root@gitlab ~]# tree /test
/test
├── test1
│ ├── a
│ ├── b
│ └── c
├── test2
│ ├── a
│ ├── b
│ └── c
├── test3
│ ├── a
│ ├── b
│ └── c
└── test4
├── a
├── b
└── c
4 with_indexed_items为列表加索引
[root@ansible ansible]# cat loops_indexed.yaml
---
- hosts: test
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item}}"
with_indexed_items:
- test1
- test2
- test3
结果：
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_indexed.yaml
PLAY [test] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[0, u'test1']) => {
"msg": [
0,
"test1"
]
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[1, u'test2']) => {
"msg": [
1,
"test2"
]
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[2, u'test3']) => {
"msg": [
2,
"test3"
]
}
多重嵌套，深层嵌套为一个整体
[root@ansible ansible]# cat loops_indexed.yaml
---
- hosts: test
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item}}"
with_indexed_items:
- test1
- [test2,[test4,test5]]
- test3
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_indexed.yaml
PLAY [test] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[0, u'test1']) => {
"msg": [
0,
"test1"
]
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[1, u'test2']) => {
"msg": [
1,
"test2"
]
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[2, [u'test4', u'test5']]) => {
"msg": [
2,
[
"test4",
"test5"
]
]
}
5 with_sequence按照规定递增递减
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item}}"
with_sequence: start=6 end=12 stride=2
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_sequence.yaml
PLAY [192.168.10.20] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=6) => {
"msg": "6"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=8) => {
"msg": "8"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=10) => {
"msg": "10"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=12) => {
"msg": "12"
}
6 with_random_choice随机返回
[root@ansible ansible]# cat loops_random_choice.yaml
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item}}"
with_random_choice:
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
结果如下
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_random_choice.yaml
PLAY [192.168.10.20] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=1) => {
"msg": 1
}
PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.10.20 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_random_choice.yaml
PLAY [192.168.10.20] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=3) => {
"msg": 3
}
7 with_dict字典格式变量
[root@ansible ansible]# cat loops_dict.yaml
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
users:
alice:
name: alice app
gender: female
telephone: 12345656
bob:
name: bob app
gender: male
telephone: 9876655
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "User {{item.key}} is {{item.value.name}}, gender is {{ item.value.gender}} tel is {{item.value.telephone}} "
with_dict: "{{users}}"
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_dict.yaml
PLAY [192.168.10.20] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item={u'key': u'bob', u'value': {u'gender': u'male', u'name': u'bob app', u'telephone': 9876655}}) => {
"msg": "User bob is bob app, gender is male tel is 9876655 "
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item={u'key': u'alice', u'value': {u'gender': u'female', u'name': u'alice app', u'telephone': 12345656}}) => {
"msg": "User alice is alice app, gender is female tel is 12345656 "
}
PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.10.20 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
8 with_subelements多层
[root@ansible ansible]# cat loops_subelements.yaml
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
users:
- name: bob
gender: male
hobby:
- test1
- test2
- name: alice
gender: female
hobby:
- test3
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item.0.name}} 's hobby is {{item.1}}"
with_subelements:
- "{{users}}"
- hobby
结果
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_subelements.yaml
PLAY [192.168.10.20] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[{u'gender': u'male', u'name': u'bob'}, u'test1']) => {
"msg": "bob 's hobby is test1"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[{u'gender': u'male', u'name': u'bob'}, u'test2']) => {
"msg": "bob 's hobby is test2"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[{u'gender': u'female', u'name': u'alice'}, u'test3']) => {
"msg": "alice 's hobby is test3"
}
9 with_file获取ansible主机文件内容
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item}}"
with_file:
- "/etc/ansible/var_file"
结果:
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_file.yaml
PLAY [192.168.10.20] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=testvar:testvarinfile
countlist
- one
- two
- three) => {
"msg": "testvar:testvarinfile\ncountlist\n- one\n- two\n- three"
}
10 with_fileglob 匹配ansible主机上指定目录的文件名
[root@ansible ansible]# cat loops_fileglob.yaml
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item}}"
with_fileglob:
- "/tmp/*"
结果
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook loops_fileglob.yaml
PLAY [192.168.10.20] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=/tmp/te2.devopstack.com) => {
"msg": "/tmp/te2.devopstack.com"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=/tmp/te1.devopstack.com) => {
"msg": "/tmp/te1.devopstack.com"
}
11 新的循环方式
可以用lookup和dict代替with_dict实现相同的功能
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
users:
alice: female
bob: male
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item.key}} is {{item.value}}"
loop: "{{lookup('dict',users)}}"
结果：
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item={u'key': u'bob', u'value': u'male'}) => {
"msg": "bob is male"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item={u'key': u'alice', u'value': u'female'}) => {
"msg": "alice is female"
}
在2.6版本的官网手册中，官方开始推荐使用"loop加filter"的方式来替代"loop加lookup"的方式,过滤器使用dict2items实现相同的功能。
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
users:
alice: female
bob: male
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item.key}} is {{item.value}}"
loop: "{{users|dict2items}}"
loop可以替代with_list，当处理嵌套的列表时，列表不会被拉平
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
testlist:
- a
- [b,c]
- d
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item}}"
loop: "{{testlist}}"
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=a) => {
"msg": "a"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=[u'b', u'c']) => {
"msg": [
"b",
"c"
]
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=d) => {
"msg": "d"
}
flatten过滤器可以替代with_flattened，当处理多层嵌套的列表时，列表中所有的嵌套层级都会被拉平
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.20
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
testlist:
- a
- [b,c]
- d
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item}}"
loop: "{{testlist|flatten}}"
TASK [debug] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=a) => {
"msg": "a"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=b) => {
"msg": "b"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=c) => {
"msg": "c"
}
ok: [192.168.10.20] => (item=d) => {
"msg": "d"
}
flatten过滤器（加参数），再配合loop_control关键字，可以替代with_indexed_items
#flatten过滤器（加参数），再配合loop_control关键字，可以替代with_indexed_items
#当处理多层嵌套的列表时，只有列表中的第一层会被拉平，flatten过滤器的bug暂且忽略
示例如下，之后会对示例进行解释
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
testlist:
- a
- [b,c]
- d
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{index}}--{{item}}"
loop: "{{testlist | flatten(levels=1)}}"
loop_control:
index_var: index
"loop_control"关键字可以用于控制循环的行为，比如在循环时获取到元素的索引。
"index_var"是"loop_control"的一个设置选项，"index_var"的作用是让我们指定一个变量，"loop_control"会将列表元素的索引值存放到这个指定的变量中，比如如下配置
Shell
loop_control:
index_var: my_idx
1
2
loop_control:
index_var: my_idx
上述设置表示，在遍历列表时，当前被遍历元素的索引会被放置到"my_idx"变量中，也就是说，当进行循环操作时，只要获取到"my_idx"变量的值，就能获取到当前元素的索引值，当然，除了"index_var"选项，"loop_control"还有一些其他的选项可以使用，我们之后再进行总结。
with_nested/with_cartesian #product过滤器配合list过滤器，可以替代with_nested和with_cartesian
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
testlist1: [ a, b, c ]
testlist2: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{ item.0 }}--{{ item.1 }}"
loop: "{{ testlist1 | product(testlist2) | list }}"
with_sequence #range过滤器配合list过滤器可以代替with_sequence
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item}}"
loop: "{{ range(0, 6, 2) | list }}"
with_random_choice #使用random函数可以替代with_random_choice，由于random函数是随机取出列表中的一个值，并不涉及循环操作，所以并不用使用loop关键字。
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
testlist: [ a, b, c ]
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{ testlist | random }}"
with_dict 除了上文总结的dict2items过滤器，dictsort过滤器也可以替代with_dict
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
users:
d: daisy
c: carol
a: alice
b: bob
e: ella
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item.key}} -- {{item.value}}"
loop: "{{ users | dict2items }}"
- debug:
msg: "{{item.0}} -- {{item.1}}"
loop: "{{ users | dictsort }}"
with_subelements #subelements过滤器可以替代with_subelements
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
users:
- name: bob
gender: male
hobby:
- Skateboard
- VideoGame
- name: alice
gender: female
hobby:
- Music
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item.0.name}}'s hobby is {{item.1}}"
with_subelements:
- "{{users}}"
- hobby
- debug:
msg: "{{item.0.name}}'s hobby is {{item.1}}"
loop: "{{users | subelements('hobby')}}"
12 loop_control label简化输出结果
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
users:
alice:
name: Alice Appleworth
gender: female
telephone: 123-456-7890
bob:
name: Bob Bananarama
gender: male
telephone: 987-654-3210
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{item.key}}"
loop: "{{users | dict2items}}"
loop_control:
label: "{{item.key}}"
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